human pomc  (Shanghai Korain Biotech Co Ltd)

Journal: Molecules and Cells

Article Title: Cellular and metabolic function of GIRK1 potassium channels expressed by arcuate POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons

doi: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100122

Figure Lengend Snippet: GIRK channels are expressed by arcuate POMC neurons and maintain RMP. (a and b) Expression of GIRK1 subunits (a) or GIRK2 subunits (b) in tdTomato-expressing ARC POMC neurons of POMC-Cre::tdTomato mice. Arrows indicate GIRK1- or GIRK2-expressing POMC neurons. 3V; third ventricle. (c) POMC neuronal populations (%) that express GIRK1 subunits (empty circle) or GIRK2 subunits (filled circle) across the bregma. Gene (df = 1, F 1, 4 = 1.048, and P = .364), bregma (df = 7, F 2.500, 10.00 = 3.418, and P = .067, and interaction (df = 7, F 7, 28 = 0.605, and P = .747). (d) Whole-cell patch clamp recording of POMC-hrGFP neurons. Brightfield illumination (Brightfield), fluorescent (FITC) illumination of hrGFP, fluorescent (TRITC) illumination of Alexa Fluor 594 dye, and a successful overlap of POMC-hrGFP neurons with the complete dialysis of Alexa Fluor 594 (Merge). Arrows indicate the targeted neuron for recording. (e) Depolarization of POMC-hrGFP neurons by tertiapin-Q (300 nM). Dotted line indicates RMP. (f) Depolarization of POMC-hrGFP neurons by tertiapin-Q (300 nM) in the background of TTX and synaptic blockers (picrotoxin and kynurenic acid). Dotted line indicates RMP. (g) Percentages of depolarized POMC neurons (%) in ACSF and synaptic blockers-contained ACSF. (h) Changed amplitudes of membrane potential of POMC neurons by tertiapin-Q in ACSF (2.1 ± 1.0 mV, n = 5) and synaptic blockers-contained ACSF (2.3 ± 0.9 mV, n = 6, df = 9, t = 0.1163, and P = .910). Red circles for depolarized neurons and black circles for no response neurons. (i) Voltage deflection in response to hyperpolarizing current steps (from −50 to 0 pA by 10 pA increment) before (Control, upper trace) and during (tertiapin-Q, lower trace) the perfusion with tertiapin-Q to POMC neurons as indicated with arrows in (f). (j) Voltage-current (V-I) relationship demonstrates that tertiapin-Q increased input resistance by tertiapin-Q. Reversal potential is indicated as E rev . Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with Šidák correction (c) and unpaired t test (h) was used for statistical analyses. ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Pathogen-free male POMC-humanized Renilla green fluorescent protein (hrGFP) (Jackson Laboratory, #006421) or male NPY-hrGFP (Jackson Laboratory, #006417) mice (5-13 weeks old) that express hrGFP under the promoter of Pomc or Npy genes were used for all patch-clamp experiments to localize POMC- or NPY-expressing neurons in ARH.

Techniques: Expressing, Patch Clamp, Membrane, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Bacillus coagulans and Clostridium butyricum synergistically alleviate depression in a chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse model through altering gut microbiota and prefrontal cortex gene expression

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1393874

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of probiotics on neurotransmitter and hormone and morphological changes of hippocampi and cortex. (A) The level of ACTH in serum ( n = 3, * p < 0.05). (B) The level of CORT in serum, n = 3. (C) BDNF level in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), n = 3. (D) 5-HT level in PFC, n = 3. (E) Nissl staining of neurons in PFC. (F) Nissl staining of hippocampus. Scale bar = 125 μm.

Article Snippet: The levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were determined using ELISA kits (Elabscience, China), and the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined using an ELISA kit (Boster, China).

Techniques: Probiotics, Staining